DNA Extraction | DNA Testing Glossary

DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from the cells in a biological sample so it can be analyzed. In relationship testing, the sample is typically a buccal (cheek) swab. The lab breaks open the collected cells using chemical solutions or enzymes, separates the DNA from proteins and other cellular material, and purifies it. What remains is a clean sample of DNA ready for amplification and analysis. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA directly affect whether the lab can produce a reliable result. If extraction yields too little usable DNA — which can happen with a poorly collected or contaminated swab — the lab may request a new sample before proceeding.

Related Terms

Buccal Swab, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), DNA Profile, Reference Sample, Genetic Testing

Source

National Human Genome Research Institute — Genomics Glossary